Measuring in the world of electricity and electronics is the main way to understand whether the systems are working properly. One of the most serious devices that perform these measurement operations quickly and accurately is digital multimeters. Digital multimeters (DMM) are completely practical and versatile devices that can measure many electrical quantities such as voltage, current, resistance. However, digital multimeters vary according to many criteria according to their areas of use and features. So, what criteria do digital multimeters differ according to and how do they meet the needs of users? In this article, we will discuss in detail the main features of digital multimeters, their working characteristics, and how they vary according to different criteria.
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What is a Digital Multimeter?
A digital multimeter is a measuring device used to measure electrical quantities. As the word “multi” suggests, this device can perform multiple tasks. Modern multimeters, which have replaced traditional analog multimeters, show the measurement results on a digital display and provide higher precision. Digital multimeters can make the following main measurements:
DC and AC Voltage (Volt): Measures the direct current (DC) or various current (AC) voltage values in an electrical circuit.
Current (Ampere): Measures the current flowing through an electrical circuit.
Resistance (Ohm): Measures the amount of resistance in a circuit.
Continuity Test: Checks if there is a fault in the circuit.
Capacitance and Frequency: Some models can measure capacitor capacity and current frequency.
The ease of use, high precision and durability of digital multimeters make them indispensable tools for both professional and amateur users.
Working Principle of Digital Multimeters
Digital multimeters use many electronic components to make measurements. When a measurement is made, the analog signals in the device are first converted into digital data by an analog-to-digital converter (ADC). This digital data is presented as a visible value on the device’s screen. Digital multimeters generally have a microcontroller and special sensors to provide high accuracy.
For example, when a voltage measurement is made:
The probes are connected to the circuit and the voltage is detected.
The detected signal is converted to a digital signal by the ADC.
This signal is displayed as a voltage value on the device’s screen.
Digital Multimeters Vary According to Different Criteria
Digital multimeters are equipped with different features according to different needs and areas of use. For this reason, devices may differ according to the following criteria:
According to the Purpose of Use
Digital multimeters have separate designs according to the purpose of use:
Basic Home Use: Multimeters used for home users generally have easier features. They are used to measure the voltage in sockets or to determine basic problems in circuits.
Professional Use: Models created for industrial measurements and laboratory studies have more advanced features. Precise measurement, high precision and additional functions are found in these devices.
Electronic Repair: For those interested in repairing electronic devices, multimeters that can measure small details and have additional functions are preferred.
According to Measurement Accuracy
Digital multimeters are divided into different levels according to their measurement accuracy:
Standard Accuracy: These models, which are qualified for daily use, make basic measurements. Accuracy is usually around ±1%.
High Accuracy: These devices, which are used for moments that require precise measurement, generally have a ±0.1% accuracy rate. They are ideal for laboratory work and calibration processes.
According to Screen Type
The screen type of digital multimeters is important in terms of ease of use and readability of measurement results:
Standard LCD Screen: Standard in most digital multimeters. Suitable for displaying basic measurements.
Color Screen: More advanced models have a color screen. These screens can display graphical data and waveforms.
Backlit Screen: Backlit screens are used for use in low-light environments.
According to Automatic Range Feature
Digital multimeters are divided into two according to their manual or automatic range selection feature:
Manual Range Selection: The user manually selects the range to be measured. These devices are more affordable but require more knowledge to use.
Auto-Range: The device automatically determines the range to be measured. It is not difficult to use and is especially suitable for novice users.
According to Additional Functions
Some digital multimeters have additional features in addition to standard functions:
Thermometer: Can measure temperature.
Capacitance and Inductance Measurement: Can test electronic circuit components.
Data Hold: Keeps the value obtained during measurement on the screen.
Bluetooth and Computer Connection: Does not record measurement results and is preferred for analysis.
According to Durability and Material Quality
The durability of digital multimeters varies depending on the areas of use:
Standard Models: Designed for home and light work. They are mostly plastic-bodied and light-weight devices.
Durable Models: Designed for use in industrial areas, these models can be shockproof and waterproof.
Things to Consider When Choosing a Digital Multimeter
The following criteria should be considered when choosing a digital multimeter:
Area of Use: The target of use of the device should be determined. For example, while a simple multimeter may be sufficient for home use, a more advanced device may be required for professional use.
Precision: The measurement precision should be in the form that suits the need.
Screen Type: The readability of the screen is important. Backlit screens offer ease of use in low-light environments.
Additional Features: Additional features such as Bluetooth, data retention, capacitance measurement can be evaluated according to the needs.
Durability: A model suitable for the conditions of the environment in which the device will be used should be used.
Advantages of Digital Multimeters
Digital multimeters offer many advantages to their users with the versatile features they offer:
Accuracy: Measurement results are more sensitive and reliable compared to analog devices.
Ease of Use: It is not difficult to understand measurement results thanks to digital screens.
Versatility: The ability to measure more than one electrical quantity makes these devices multifunctional.
Portability: They can be easily carried thanks to their compact design.
In conclusion, digital multimeters are versatile and useful devices that vary according to various criteria. They can meet a wide range of needs from basic home use to professional industrial applications. Choosing the right digital multimeter is possible by directly determining the needs and understanding the features of the device. Today, thanks to the rapidly developing technology, the capabilities of digital multimeters are improving day by day and provide more comfort to users. For everyone interested in electricity and electronics, having a digital multimeter makes measuring work both easier and safer.
Published On - 5 January 2025